BESS: Better Egg Shipping System
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Simple Machine:
A machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier.
Examples: Screw, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Pulley, Inclined Plane, Lever
A machine with few or no moving parts. Simple machines make work easier.
Examples: Screw, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Pulley, Inclined Plane, Lever
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/1396654.png)
Gears:
Two toothed wheels fit together either directly or through a chain or belt so one wheel will turn the other. Some gears may have a screw or a toothed shaft in place of one of the wheels. A gear may also be a combination of toothed wheels that produces a certain speed (such as a bicycle's top gear which makes the bike go fast, and the low gear for slow speed.)
Examples: Clock, Automobile, Drill
Two toothed wheels fit together either directly or through a chain or belt so one wheel will turn the other. Some gears may have a screw or a toothed shaft in place of one of the wheels. A gear may also be a combination of toothed wheels that produces a certain speed (such as a bicycle's top gear which makes the bike go fast, and the low gear for slow speed.)
Examples: Clock, Automobile, Drill
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/1700668.png)
Inclined plane:
A sloping surface, such as a ramp. An inclined plane can be used to alter the effort and distance involved in doing work, such as lifting loads. The trade-off is that an object must be moved a longer distance than if it was lifted straight up, but less force is needed.
Examples: Staircase, Ramp, Bottom of a Bath Tub
A sloping surface, such as a ramp. An inclined plane can be used to alter the effort and distance involved in doing work, such as lifting loads. The trade-off is that an object must be moved a longer distance than if it was lifted straight up, but less force is needed.
Examples: Staircase, Ramp, Bottom of a Bath Tub
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/4224331.png)
Lever:
A straight rod or board that pivots on a point known as a fulcrum. The fulcrum can be moved depending on the weight of the object to be lifted or the force you wish to exert. Pushing down on one end of a lever results in the upward motion of the opposite end of the fulcrum.
Examples: Door on Hinges, Seesaw, Hammer, Bottle Opener
A straight rod or board that pivots on a point known as a fulcrum. The fulcrum can be moved depending on the weight of the object to be lifted or the force you wish to exert. Pushing down on one end of a lever results in the upward motion of the opposite end of the fulcrum.
Examples: Door on Hinges, Seesaw, Hammer, Bottle Opener
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/7087297.png)
Pulley:
A wheel that usually has a groove around the outside edge. This groove is for a rope or belt to move around the pulley. Pulling down on the rope can lift an object attached to the rope. Work is made easier because pulling down on the rope is made easier due to gravity.
Examples: Flag Pole, Crane, Mini-Blinds
A wheel that usually has a groove around the outside edge. This groove is for a rope or belt to move around the pulley. Pulling down on the rope can lift an object attached to the rope. Work is made easier because pulling down on the rope is made easier due to gravity.
Examples: Flag Pole, Crane, Mini-Blinds
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/2986540.png)
Screw:
An inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. This inclined plane allows the screw to move itself or to move an object or material surrounding it when rotated.
Examples: Bolt, Spiral Staircase
An inclined plane wrapped around a shaft or cylinder. This inclined plane allows the screw to move itself or to move an object or material surrounding it when rotated.
Examples: Bolt, Spiral Staircase
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/5005174.png)
Wedge:
Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things.
Examples: Axe, Zipper, Knife
Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things.
Examples: Axe, Zipper, Knife
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/3278884.png)
Wheel and Axle:
A wheel and axle has a larger wheel (or wheels) connected by a smaller cylinder (axle) and is fastened to the wheel so that they turn together. When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distance than the axle, but less force is needed to move it. The axle moves a shorter distance, but it takes greater force to move it.
Examples: Door Knob, Wagon, Toy Car
A wheel and axle has a larger wheel (or wheels) connected by a smaller cylinder (axle) and is fastened to the wheel so that they turn together. When the axle is turned, the wheel moves a greater distance than the axle, but less force is needed to move it. The axle moves a shorter distance, but it takes greater force to move it.
Examples: Door Knob, Wagon, Toy Car
Compound Machine:
Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier.
Examples: Wheelbarrow, Can Opener, Bicycle
Two or more simple machines working together to make work easier.
Examples: Wheelbarrow, Can Opener, Bicycle
Newton’s Laws of Motion:
First Law:
The first law says that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same direction and speed.
Second Law:
The second law shows that if you exert the same force on two objects of different mass, you will get different accelerations (changes in motion).
F= MA (Force = Mass x Acceleration)
Third Law:
The third law says that for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force).
First Law:
The first law says that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same direction and speed.
Second Law:
The second law shows that if you exert the same force on two objects of different mass, you will get different accelerations (changes in motion).
F= MA (Force = Mass x Acceleration)
Third Law:
The third law says that for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force).
Types of Motion:
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/3179382.jpeg?208)
Rectilinear Motion (also called linear motion):
Motion/moving that occurs in a straight line. Examples: a car that is driven along a straight line, an apple falling from a tree, a rack and pinion.
Motion/moving that occurs in a straight line. Examples: a car that is driven along a straight line, an apple falling from a tree, a rack and pinion.
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/5927182.png?195)
Alternating Motion (also called reciprocating motion):
Motion that repetitively moves up-and-down or back-and-forth. Examples: weightlifter, jackhammer, pistons that are found in a car engine, the needle that is found in a sewing machine.
Motion that repetitively moves up-and-down or back-and-forth. Examples: weightlifter, jackhammer, pistons that are found in a car engine, the needle that is found in a sewing machine.
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/5947395.jpg?182)
Circular Motion:
A movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. Examples: Ferris wheel, Merry-go-round, satellite orbiting the Earth at constant height, a stone which is tied to a rope and is being swung in circles.
A movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. Examples: Ferris wheel, Merry-go-round, satellite orbiting the Earth at constant height, a stone which is tied to a rope and is being swung in circles.
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/9365808.jpg)
Oscillatory Motion:
Moving/swinging from side to side, back and forth. Examples: a pendulum in a clock, Newton’s cradle, swings.
Moving/swinging from side to side, back and forth. Examples: a pendulum in a clock, Newton’s cradle, swings.
Transmission of Motion:
Types of motion transmission systems
Types of motion transmission systems
- Gear Train
- Chain and Sprocket
- Worm and Screw gear
- Friction Gears
- Belt and pulley
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/3959977.png?110)
1. Gear Train:
Contains at least two gears that meet and mesh together.
When building a gear train, you must consider:
-The gear teeth (they must be evenly spaced, the same size and have the same direction)
-The gear types (straight gears vs. bevel gears)
-The gear size (The higher the number of teeth, the slower the rotation and the larger the diameter the slower the rotation)
Contains at least two gears that meet and mesh together.
When building a gear train, you must consider:
-The gear teeth (they must be evenly spaced, the same size and have the same direction)
-The gear types (straight gears vs. bevel gears)
-The gear size (The higher the number of teeth, the slower the rotation and the larger the diameter the slower the rotation)
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/8189418.png?104)
2. Chain and Sprocket:
Connects components that are far away from one another. The gears do not mesh together; they are connected with a chain (or sprocket).
When building a chain and sprocket, you must consider:
-The teeth on the sprocket are identical
-The chain links must mesh easily with the sprocket’s teeth
-The smaller the sprocket the fastest it turns
Connects components that are far away from one another. The gears do not mesh together; they are connected with a chain (or sprocket).
When building a chain and sprocket, you must consider:
-The teeth on the sprocket are identical
-The chain links must mesh easily with the sprocket’s teeth
-The smaller the sprocket the fastest it turns
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/3990237.png)
3. Worm and Screw Gear:
Consists of one endless screw and at least a gear. It is not reversible.
When building a worm and screw gear, you must consider:
-The gear teeth match the worm’s grooves
-The driver must be the worm
Consists of one endless screw and at least a gear. It is not reversible.
When building a worm and screw gear, you must consider:
-The gear teeth match the worm’s grooves
-The driver must be the worm
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/605691.png?110)
4. Friction Gear Systems:
Similar to gear trains yet less efficient because the friction gears can slip (because it has no teeth).
When building a friction gear, you must consider:
–The larger the gear the slower the rotation
Similar to gear trains yet less efficient because the friction gears can slip (because it has no teeth).
When building a friction gear, you must consider:
–The larger the gear the slower the rotation
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/2711145.png?78)
5. Belt and pulley system:
Designed to support movement and change of direction of a cable or belt.
When building a belt and pulley system, you must ensure:
-Pulleys must contain a groove where the belt can fit (no teeth)
-The belt must adhere to the pulleys
-The smaller the pulley the faster it turns
Designed to support movement and change of direction of a cable or belt.
When building a belt and pulley system, you must ensure:
-Pulleys must contain a groove where the belt can fit (no teeth)
-The belt must adhere to the pulleys
-The smaller the pulley the faster it turns
Motion Transformation:
Types of Motion Transformation systems
1. Rack and pinion
2. Screw Gear systems
3. Cam and follower
4. Slider–Crank mechanism
Types of Motion Transformation systems
1. Rack and pinion
2. Screw Gear systems
3. Cam and follower
4. Slider–Crank mechanism
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/9549459.png?214)
1. Rack and Pinion:
Contains a rack (straight bar with teeth) and a pinion (gear).
While building a rack and pinion you must ensure that:
-The teeth on the rack and on the pinion must be identical
-The greater the number of teeth on the pinion the slower the rotation
Contains a rack (straight bar with teeth) and a pinion (gear).
While building a rack and pinion you must ensure that:
-The teeth on the rack and on the pinion must be identical
-The greater the number of teeth on the pinion the slower the rotation
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/6257042.png?291)
2. Screw gear systems (2 Types):
–Contains a screw and a nut
Type 1: the screw is the driver = Transforms rotational motion into translational motion (e.g. jack to lift the car)
Type 2: the nut is the driver = Transforms translational motion into rotational motion
–Contains a screw and a nut
Type 1: the screw is the driver = Transforms rotational motion into translational motion (e.g. jack to lift the car)
Type 2: the nut is the driver = Transforms translational motion into rotational motion
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/4465447.png?104)
3. Cam and Follower:
Rotational motion changed translation motion.
When building a cam and follower, you must ensure that:
-The follower must be guided in its translational motion
-The shape of the cam determines how the follower will move
-A device such as a return spring is usually necessary to keep the follower in continual contact with the cam.
Rotational motion changed translation motion.
When building a cam and follower, you must ensure that:
-The follower must be guided in its translational motion
-The shape of the cam determines how the follower will move
-A device such as a return spring is usually necessary to keep the follower in continual contact with the cam.
![Picture](/uploads/1/4/2/7/14278562/6683896.png?293)
4. Slider-Crank Mechanism:
This is the mechanisms used in pistons. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice-versa.
This is the mechanisms used in pistons. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice-versa.